{"id":23381,"date":"2023-01-19T16:53:56","date_gmt":"2023-01-19T16:53:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.housecallpro.com\/?page_id=23381"},"modified":"2024-02-10T00:13:45","modified_gmt":"2024-02-10T00:13:45","slug":"california","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.housecallpro.com\/licensing\/plumbing\/california\/","title":{"rendered":"Plumbing License Requirements in California"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California\u2019s extensive population and diverse infrastructure create unique plumbing demands. Whether you\u2019re fixing residential leaks or installing complex commercial systems, a California plumbing license ensures you\u2019re qualified to handle these challenges. This guide will cover everything you need to know about obtaining a plumbing license in California, including salary details, education pathways, and license renewal requirements.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"toc\"><ul class=\"toc-list\"><li><a href='#what-plumbing-work-can-be-done-without-a-license' class='toc-link'>What plumbing work can be done without a license?<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#what-are-the-different-types-of-plumbing-licenses-available-in-california' class='toc-link'>What are the different types of plumbing licenses available in California?<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#average-hourly-rates-for-plumbers-in-california' class='toc-link'>Average hourly rates for plumbers in California<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#how-to-get-a-plumbing-license-in-california' class='toc-link'>How to get a plumbing license in California<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#top-schools-for-plumbing-education-in-california' class='toc-link'>Top Schools for Plumbing Education in California<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#should-i-join-a-union' class='toc-link'>Should I join a union?<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#insurance-for-plumbers-in-california' class='toc-link'>Insurance for plumbers in California<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#how-to-get-my-first-plumbing-apprenticeship' class='toc-link'>How to get my first plumbing apprenticeship<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#does-my-license-work-in-any-other-state' class='toc-link'>Does my license work in any other state?<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#how-do-i-stay-up-to-date-with-plumbing-codes' class='toc-link'>How do I stay up to date with plumbing codes?<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#what-resources-are-available-in-the-plumbing-industry' class='toc-link'>What resources are available in the plumbing industry?<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#i-already-have-a-license-but' class='toc-link'>I already have a license but:<\/a><\/li><li><a href='#how-often-do-i-need-to-renew-my-plumbing-license-in-california' class='toc-link'>How often do I need to renew my plumbing license in California?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<h2 id=\"what-plumbing-work-can-be-done-without-a-license\"><strong>What plumbing work can be done without a license?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In California, any plumbing project exceeding $500 requires a state-issued license. Without it, plumbers can only perform minor repairs or assist licensed plumbers under supervision.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"what-are-the-different-types-of-plumbing-licenses-available-in-california\"><strong>What are the different types of plumbing licenses available in California?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California offers several plumbing career paths, each with specific requirements:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apprentice License<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For those starting their careers with supervised training.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journeyman License<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Allows independent plumbing work and supervision of apprentices.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Contractor\u2019s License (C-36 Classification)<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Permits bidding on projects over $500 and managing a plumbing business.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"average-hourly-rates-for-plumbers-in-california\"><strong>Average hourly rates for plumbers in California<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In California, plumbers earn competitive wages that generally surpass national averages, a reflection of the state\u2019s high cost of living and the unique demands of its varied infrastructure. Here\u2019s a breakdown of <\/span><a href=\"\/resources\/news-press\/plumber-salary\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">average hourly rates<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in California compared to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/oes\/current\/oes472152.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">national rates<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Apprentice Plumber<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: $15.50 per hour<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(National Average: $15.31 per hour)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apprentice plumbers in California earn just above the national average. This slight difference reflects the state\u2019s effort to maintain fair wages for entry-level workers, despite California\u2019s higher living costs.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Journeyman Plumber<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: $26.00 per hour<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(National Average: $25.37 per hour)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Journeyman plumbers in California earn roughly 2.5% more than the national average, accounting for the additional skill and experience required to work independently across California\u2019s diverse urban and rural environments.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Master Plumber<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: $33.00 per hour<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(National Average: $30.46 per hour)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Master plumbers in California earn about 8% more than the national average. This pay increase recognizes the advanced expertise needed to manage complex plumbing systems and projects throughout the state.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California plumbers, from apprentices to masters, generally earn slightly above national averages. This competitive pay helps offset the high cost of living in the state and attracts skilled labor to meet the demands of California\u2019s expansive residential and commercial plumbing needs.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-to-get-a-plumbing-license-in-california\"><strong>How to get a plumbing license in California<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Follow these steps to become a licensed plumber:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Apprentice License<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Enroll in an Approved Apprenticeship Program<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Most apprenticeship programs last between 2 to 4 years and combine classroom education with hands-on, on-the-job training. You&#8217;ll learn essential skills, including how to repair leaky pipes, install boilers and hot water tanks, and read blueprints.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Register as an Apprentice with the State<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After enrolling in an approved apprenticeship program, register as an apprentice with the California State Board.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Training Requirements<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expect to work five to six days a week alongside professional plumbers, gaining practical experience and applying your classroom knowledge.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Journeyman License<\/b><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Complete an Approved Apprenticeship Program or Gain Equivalent Experience<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To qualify for a journeyman license, you must complete an approved apprenticeship program or accumulate equivalent experience.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pass the Journeyman Plumber Exam<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Once you\u2019ve fulfilled the apprenticeship or experience requirements, pass the journeyman plumber exam to demonstrate your knowledge and skills.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Submit Application and Pay the Required Fee<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Submit the journeyman license application and any supporting documents. Be prepared to pay the application fee.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>Contractor\u2019s License (C-36 Classification)<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Work as a Journeyman for at Least Four Years<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After four years as a registered journeyman, you can apply for a contractor\u2019s license. This license allows you to take on plumbing projects over $500 and manage your own plumbing business.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Complete a Criminal Background Check<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California requires all applicants for a contractor\u2019s license to undergo a criminal background check. Generally, a criminal background won\u2019t disqualify you unless there is a serious offense within the last seven years related to the trade.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Apply for the Contractor\u2019s License Through the <\/b><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cslb.ca.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>California Contractors State License Board (CSLB)<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Submit your contractor\u2019s license application along with documentation that verifies your work experience, such as W-2 forms, apprenticeship program certifications, and a diploma from your plumbing school.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Pass Law, Business, and Trade-Specific Exams<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Schedule and pass exams covering business, law, and trade-specific plumbing knowledge. The CSLB requires all applicants to complete these exams to ensure competency in managing plumbing projects and business operations.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Submit Proof of Working Capital and File a Surety Bond<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You must demonstrate that you have at least $2,500 in working capital. Additionally, California requires a surety bond of $10,000. With good credit, this bond typically costs between $100 and $250 annually.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><b>Final CSLB Review<\/b><b><br \/>\n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After completing all exams and documentation, you\u2019ll undergo a final review with a CSLB proctor before receiving your license.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"top-schools-for-plumbing-education-in-california\"><strong>Top Schools for Plumbing Education in California<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California has a range of reputable plumbing schools to help you gain the necessary skills and experience. Programs typically last two years and cost between $1,000 and $3,000. Financial aid options are often available, and many schools provide job placement support. Some top schools include::<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bakersfield College<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central County Occupational College<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Central County ROP<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">City College of San Francisco<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">College of San Mateo<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">East Los Angeles Occupational Center<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Harbor Occupational Center<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Institute for Business &amp; Technology<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">LA Trade &amp; Technical College<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Modesto Junior College<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">National Institute of Technology<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">North Orange County ROP<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PHCC Vocational School<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">San Diego City College<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Students learn basic plumbing operations, from repairing pipes to installing furnaces, water tanks, and sprinkler systems. Additionally, courses cover blueprint reading and selecting the appropriate tools for various repairs. A high school diploma or GED is typically required for enrollment, and some courses are available online.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Completing one of these programs positions students to secure apprenticeships and succeed in California\u2019s plumbing industry.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"should-i-join-a-union\"><strong>Should I join a union?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Union membership can provide additional benefits, such as higher pay, job security, and access to exclusive apprenticeship programs.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Top unions in California include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ua342.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">UA Local 342<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Offers extensive training and job placement opportunities.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a style=\"font-size: revert;\" href=\"https:\/\/local398.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UA Local 398<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Provides resources for career growth and specialized training.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"insurance-for-plumbers-in-california\"><strong>Insurance for plumbers in California<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Public liability insurance is mandatory for licensed plumbers in California. This protects against property damage and personal injury claims.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Minimum Coverage Requirements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">General liability coverage: $500,000\u2013$1,000,000 annually<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"how-to-get-my-first-plumbing-apprenticeship\"><strong>How to get my first plumbing apprenticeship<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Follow these tips to secure an apprenticeship:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Use Trade School Resources: Most schools have partnerships with local businesses.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Prepare for Interviews: Dress professionally and bring copies of your resume and transcripts.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Apply Early: Apprenticeship spots are competitive and limited.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"does-my-license-work-in-any-other-state\"><strong>Does my license work in any other state?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">No, a California plumbing license is only valid within the state. If you plan to work elsewhere, check reciprocity agreements or apply for a new license in that state.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-do-i-stay-up-to-date-with-plumbing-codes\"><strong>How do I stay up to date with plumbing codes?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Staying informed about California\u2019s plumbing regulations is essential. Use these resources:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California Contractors State License Board (CSLB): Regularly updates plumbing code requirements.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California Department of Industrial Relations: Provides additional compliance resources.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Local Unions: Host training sessions and meetings to keep members informed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"what-resources-are-available-in-the-plumbing-industry\"><strong>What resources are available in the plumbing industry?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Expand your knowledge and skills with these resources:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"\/resources\/news-press\/conferences-events\/plumbing-trade-shows\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plumbing Trade Show<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s: Network with professionals and discover new technologies.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a href=\"\/resources\/marketing\/11-plumbing-blogs-causing-a-splash-in-the-industry\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plumbing Blogs<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Stay informed about industry trends.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><a style=\"font-size: revert;\" href=\"\/resources\/\">Specialized Certifications<\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Boost your credentials in areas like eco-friendly plumbing.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"i-already-have-a-license-but\"><strong>I already have a license but:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you already hold a plumbing license in California, you may need to update your information periodically.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Address or Name Changes: Log in to your account on the <\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cslb.ca.gov\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">California Contractors State License Board (CSLB)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> website to submit updates.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Updating Contact Information: Ensure your email and phone number are current to receive notifications about renewals or compliance changes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Reissuing a License: If you need a replacement due to loss or damage, request a duplicate license through the CSLB portal.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Keeping your information updated ensures you remain compliant with state regulations and receive timely updates about your license.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 id=\"how-often-do-i-need-to-renew-my-plumbing-license-in-california\"><strong>How often do I need to renew my plumbing license in California?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plumbing licenses must be renewed every two years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>Renewal Requirements<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pay the renewal fee ($400).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Submit any required documentation through the CSLB website.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>California\u2019s extensive population and diverse infrastructure create unique plumbing demands. Whether you\u2019re fixing residential leaks or installing complex commercial systems, a California plumbing license ensures you\u2019re qualified to handle these challenges. This guide will cover everything you need to know about obtaining a plumbing license in California, including salary details, education pathways, and license renewal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":30,"featured_media":0,"parent":39908,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/template-license.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"industry":[557],"resource_type":[562],"topic":[],"class_list":["post-23381","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","industry-plumbing","resource_type-licensing"],"acf":{"page_partner":""},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.housecallpro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/23381","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.housecallpro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.housecallpro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.housecallpro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.housecallpro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=23381"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.housecallpro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/23381\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.housecallpro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/39908"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.housecallpro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=23381"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"industry","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.housecallpro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/industry?post=23381"},{"taxonomy":"resource_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.housecallpro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource_type?post=23381"},{"taxonomy":"topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.housecallpro.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/topic?post=23381"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}